Data Matrix is public domain and was invented by RVSI Acuity CiMatrix. 2D Data Matrix Symbols and is said to have the capability to handle over 2,000 alpha-numeric characters. Some people have complained about the ability to scan matrix symbols that are over 1,000 characters in size.
There are various standards of acceptance for 2D Matrix bar codes. Some of them are ANSI MH10.8.6 (bar codes and 2D symbols for product packaging), AIAG (automotive part marking), EIA 706 and EIA 802 (Electronics marking standard), MIL-STD 130M (Department of Defense marking standard), STD 6002 and HDBK-6003 (NASA marking standards as well as the handbook standards) and SAE AS9132 (Aerospace).
EIA 706 - requirements for using 2D machine readable symbols for marking an identifying electronic components.
ANSI MH10.8.6 - Linear bar code and 2-dimensional symbols for product packaging.
AIAG - Automotive Industry Action Group - standards for parts identification and tracking systems. This standard defines specs for parts, kits, assemblies, sub-assemblies, unit packs and sub-packs using both Code 39 bar codes as well as 2D Data Matrix bar codes.
EIA 802 - Involves encoding of error correction Data Matrix ECC 200 and MicroPDF417 for DoD standards.
MIL-STD 130M - standard that came out on December 2, 2005. Their documentation states that Laser etching produces very good resolution of alpha-numeric and machine readable marking symbology. Height and width range from .007 to 4 inches. Surfaces should be marked after anodizing or plating. Some chemicals added to plastics may react by changing color when in contact with a laser etch. Certain inks and paints should also be checked that they do not discolor when struck with a laser. See tables in SAE AS9132 for quality requirements.
STD 6002 and Handbook 6003- NASA standards in regards to applying Data Matrix identification symbols on Aerospace parts. These standards were derived after a 5-year study showing the reliability of 2D symbols and can be applied to most aerospace materials without impacting performance. Laser markings have replaced electric arc and hot stamp processes.
SAE AS9132 - this Aerospace standard covers the quality and technical requirements for metallic parts marking for Data Matrix symbols.
ECC 200 - Error correction built in which allows decoding of a 2D bar code even when there is some damage on the matrix itself. Some bar codes can have up to 20% damage and still be read by a scanner.
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